Pronouns: I, me, my, mine
Pemula (Pre-A1)Kata ganti orang: saya, -ku, milikku
Kata ganti dipakai supaya nama orang atau benda tidak diulang terus. Bahasa Indonesia cukup pakai "saya" di mana saja. Bahasa Inggris ganti bentuk sesuai posisinya: I (pelaku), me (yang dikenai), my (+ benda), mine (berdiri sendiri).
Di rumah Intan dipanggil "Kakak", di kantor "Bu Intan", dan di grup WA alumni cukup "Tan". Orangnya sama, panggilannya ikut tempat. Kata ganti bahasa Inggris juga begitu. "Saya" jadi I di depan kata kerja, me di belakang kata kerja atau kata depan, dan my/mine saat jadi pemilik.
Rumus Pronouns: I, me, my, mine
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Subject (pelaku) | I / you / he / she / it / we / they + V | She works in HR.Dia bekerja di bagian HR. |
| Object (yang dikenai) | V / preposisi + me / you / him / her / it / us / them | Please call me after lunch.Tolong telepon saya setelah makan siang. |
| Possessive adjective (+ N) | my / your / his / her / its / our / their + N | This is my desk.Ini meja saya. |
| Possessive pronoun (tanpa N) | mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs | This desk is mine.Meja ini punya saya. |
| Reflexive (diri sendiri) | S + V + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / themselves | We design the posters ourselves.Kami mendesain posternya sendiri. |
Tabel lengkap kata ganti
Bahasa Indonesia pakai kata yang sama di mana-mana: saya datang, telepon saya, meja saya. Bahasa Inggris punya lima bentuk, tergantung posisi katanya di kalimat.
Hafalkan per baris (I, me, my, mine, myself), bukan per kolom. Satu baris itu satu orang dengan lima "panggilannya".
- I know him. He is my manager.Saya kenal dia. Dia manajer saya.
- Is this laptop yours?Laptop ini punyamu?
- They write the report themselves.Mereka menulis laporannya sendiri.
| Subject | Object | Possessive + N | Possessive (sendiri) | Reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine | myself |
| you | you | your | yours | yourself / yourselves |
| he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself |
| it | it | its | — | itself |
| we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
Yourself untuk satu orang, yourselves untuk banyak orang. Misalnya ke tamu rapat: Please help yourselves to the snacks.
Subject atau object? Lihat posisinya
Subject berdiri di depan kata kerja. Dialah pelakunya. Object ada sesudah kata kerja, atau sesudah kata depan (preposisi) seperti to, for, with, at.
- She calls him. Dia (perempuan) menelepon dia (laki-laki).
- Please send it to me. · Do you want to have lunch with us?
Jadi "saya" bisa jadi I atau me, tergantung posisinya.
- Can you help me?Bisa bantu saya?
- We meet them every Friday.Kami bertemu mereka setiap hari Jumat.
- This gift is for you.Hadiah ini untukmu.
Kesalahan umum: Me and Rina work in finance. → Rina and I work in finance.
Kamu dan Rina sama-sama pelaku, jadi pakai I, bukan me. Sebut orang lain dulu supaya sopan: Rina and I.
My atau mine? Cek kata bendanya
My, your, his, her, its, our, their selalu ditemani kata benda: my laptop, their office.
Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs berdiri sendiri, karena bendanya sudah jelas dari konteks: This laptop is mine.
Bentuk-bentuk ini tidak pernah pakai apostrof: yours, hers, ours, its. It's itu singkatan dari it is.
| + kata benda | berdiri sendiri |
|---|---|
| This is my bag. | This bag is mine. |
| Is that your pen? | Is that pen yours? |
| It is her idea. | The idea is hers. |
| That is our car. | That car is ours. |
Kesalahan umum: This is mine laptop. → This is my laptop.
Ada kata benda laptop di belakangnya, jadi pakai my. Mine hanya dipakai kalau tidak ada kata benda.
He atau she? "Dia" punya dua bentuk
Kita cukup bilang dia untuk laki-laki maupun perempuan. Bahasa Inggris wajib memilih:
- laki-laki → he / him / his
- perempuan → she / her / hers
- benda, hewan, perusahaan → it / its
- belum tahu laki-laki atau perempuan → they / them / their: Someone is at the reception. They want to see you.
Kalau bicara cepat, he dan she gampang tertukar, apalagi his dan her. Pegangan cepatnya: Pak / Mr. = he, Bu / Ms. = she.
- Dewi is my manager. Her office is next to mine.Dewi manajer saya. Ruangannya di sebelah ruangan saya.
- Pak Budi is out today. His phone is off.Pak Budi sedang di luar hari ini. HP-nya mati.
- Our company is small, but its team is strong.Perusahaan kami kecil, tapi timnya kuat.
Kesalahan umum: Mr. Tan is our client. She is from Singapore. → Mr. Tan is our client. He is from Singapore.
Mr. berarti laki-laki, jadi he / him / his. Untuk Ms. atau Mrs., pakai she / her.
Reflexive & kesalahan khas orang Indonesia
Pakai -self / -selves kalau pelaku dan yang dikenai orang yang sama, atau untuk menekankan "sendiri": Please introduce yourself. We do it ourselves. By myself artinya sendirian, tanpa bantuan.
Tiga kesalahan yang sering muncul:
- Dobel subject, terbawa dari cara kita ngobrol ("Manajer saya, dia lagi sibuk"): My manager he is busy ✗ → My manager is busy ✓
- Me di posisi subject: Me and my team… ✗ → My team and I… ✓
- Apostrof: your's, her's ✗ → yours, hers ✓
- Let me introduce myself.Izinkan saya memperkenalkan diri.
- Don't worry, I can do it by myself.Tenang, saya bisa mengerjakannya sendiri.
Kesalahan umum: My manager he is very busy today. → My manager is very busy today.
My manager sudah jadi subject. He di belakangnya bikin dobel, jadi hapus saja.
Ingat!
- Sebelum kata kerja (pelaku): I, he, she, we, they. Sesudah kata kerja atau kata depan: me, him, her, us, them.
- my, your, his, her, our, their + kata benda. mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs berdiri sendiri.
- "Dia" harus dipilih: laki-laki he/him/his, perempuan she/her. Belum tahu? Pakai they.
- Tanpa apostrof: its, yours, hers. It's = it is.
- Jangan dobel subject: My boss is…, bukan My boss he is…
Contoh soal Pronouns: I, me, my, mine dan pembahasannya
1. Pak Andi is our new director. ___ is from Medan.
- She
- He
- His
- Him
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: He
Pak Andi laki-laki, dan titik-titiknya ada di depan is, posisi pelaku. Jadi He.
2. Can you send the file to ___?
- I
- my
- me
- mine
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: me
Ada to tepat sebelum titik-titik. Sesudah kata depan, pakai bentuk object: me.
3. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- This desk is mine.
- This desk is my.
- This is mine desk.
- This desk is mine's.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: This desk is mine.
Mine berdiri sendiri di akhir kalimat, tanpa kata benda. Kalau mau pakai my, harus ada bendanya: This is my desk.
4. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- My manager he is in a meeting.
- Me manager is in a meeting.
- My manager his in a meeting.
- My manager is in a meeting.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: My manager is in a meeting.
My manager sudah jadi subject, jadi he tidak perlu. Sebelum kata benda pakai my, bukan me.
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