Second Conditional
B1Seandainya… (khayalan sekarang & nanti)
Dipakai untuk khayalan atau hal yang kecil kemungkinannya, sekarang atau nanti, termasuk memberi saran dengan If I were you. Rumusnya if + V2, would + V1, dan V2 di sini bukan masa lalu, tapi tanda "cuma andai-andai".
Bandingkan ramalan cuaca dengan lamunan saat terjebak macet. Ramalan bilang besok bisa hujan, jadi If it rains tomorrow, I will take a taxi: itu masih mungkin terjadi. Lamunanmu lain cerita: If I lived next to the office, I would sleep an extra hour, padahal rumahmu jauh. Makin jauh dari kenyataan, makin mundur kata kerjanya: present jadi past, will jadi would.
Rumus Second Conditional
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Kalimat positif (+) | If + S + V2, S + would + V1 | If I had more time, I would learn Japanese.Seandainya saya punya lebih banyak waktu, saya akan belajar bahasa Jepang. |
| Kalimat negatif (−) | If + S + didn't + V1, S + wouldn't + V1 | If we didn't have this deadline, we wouldn't work late.Seandainya kita tidak punya deadline ini, kita tidak akan lembur. |
| Kalimat tanya (?) | Would + S + V1 + if + S + V2? | Would you move to Singapore if they offered you a job?Apakah kamu mau pindah ke Singapura seandainya mereka menawarimu pekerjaan? |
| Kata tanya (Wh-) | What would + S + V1 + if + S + V2? | What would you do if a client asked for a 50% discount?Apa yang akan kamu lakukan seandainya klien minta diskon 50%? |
| Dengan to be | If + S + were, S + would + V1 | If I were the manager, I would change the schedule.Seandainya saya manajernya, saya akan mengubah jadwalnya. |
| Memberi saran | If I were you, I would + V1 | If I were you, I would talk to HR first.Kalau saya jadi kamu, saya akan bicara ke HR dulu. |
Kata kunci yang sering muncul: If I were you, What would you do if…?, Imagine…, Suppose…, in an ideal world
Kapan dipakai?
Pakai second conditional untuk hal yang tidak nyata atau kecil kemungkinannya, sekarang atau nanti:
- Khayalan tentang keadaan sekarang: If I lived in Jakarta, I would take the MRT. (Kenyataannya, saya tidak tinggal di Jakarta.)
- Hal yang kecil kemungkinannya: If I won a free trip, I would go to Japan.
- Memberi saran: If I were you, I would ask for a raise.
- Menawar dengan halus: If we ordered 1,000 units, would you give us a better price?
V2 di sini bukan masa lalu. Bentuk lampau itu cuma tanda bahwa situasinya jauh dari kenyataan.
- If I lived closer to the office, I would cycle to work.Seandainya saya tinggal lebih dekat dengan kantor, saya akan bersepeda ke sana.
- If we had more staff, we could open on Saturdays.Seandainya karyawan kita lebih banyak, kita bisa buka hari Sabtu.
Mau cek artinya? Balik saja kalimatnya. If I had a car berarti faktanya saya tidak punya mobil.
Cara membentuk
Bagian if memakai V2 (bentuk past simple), bagian hasil memakai would + V1. Kalau maksudnya "bisa", ganti would dengan could. Kalau maksudnya "mungkin", pakai might.
Untuk to be, bentuk bakunya were untuk semua subject: if I were, if she were, if it were. Saat ngobrol santai kamu akan sering mendengar if I was, tapi untuk email, ujian, dan memberi saran, pakai were.
Would sering disingkat 'd (I'd, we'd), dan negatifnya wouldn't.
| Bagian kalimat | Bentuk | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Bagian if | V2 (to be → were) | If I had a car… · If she were here… |
| Bagian hasil | would / could / might + V1 | …I would drive. · …she could help. |
| Negatif | didn't + V1 · wouldn't + V1 | If I didn't have… · …I wouldn't wait. |
| Singkatan | would → 'd | I'd ask · we'd wait |
Kesalahan umum: If I would have more time, I would join the training. → If I had more time, I would join the training.
Would hanya tinggal di bagian hasil. Bagian if cukup V2: If I had more time.
First vs second: nyata atau khayalan?
Situasi yang sama bisa memakai first atau second conditional. Penentunya adalah seberapa mungkin hal itu menurutmu.
- First (realistis): If I get the promotion, I will move to Surabaya. Promosinya memang sedang dibicarakan.
- Second (khayalan atau kecil kemungkinannya): If I got the promotion, I would move to Surabaya. Peluangnya tipis.
Di negosiasi, second conditional membuat tawaranmu lebih halus. Kesannya kamu menawarkan kemungkinan, bukan menuntut: If we paid in advance, would you lower the price?
| Aspek | First conditional | Second conditional |
|---|---|---|
| Rumus | If + V1, will + V1 | If + V2, would + V1 |
| Kemungkinan | nyata, cukup besar | khayalan atau kecil |
| Waktu | masa depan | sekarang / masa depan |
| Contoh | If it rains, I will stay home. | If I were the CEO, I would allow remote work. |
Tanya dirimu: "Ini benar-benar mungkin terjadi?" Kalau ya, pakai will. Kalau cuma andai-andai, pakai would.
Kesalahan khas orang Indonesia
Wajar kok kalau sering lupa. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kata "seandainya" sudah cukup menandai khayalan, dan kata kerjanya tidak berubah. Bahasa Inggris masih butuh satu tanda lagi, yaitu kata kerja yang mundur ke V2. Di situlah kesalahan biasanya muncul:
- Campur first dan second: If I have more money, I would buy a house ✗ → If I had more money, I would buy a house ✓.
- Would di dua bagian: If I would know, I would tell you ✗ → If I knew, I would tell you ✓.
- V2 atau to setelah would: I would went / I would to go ✗ → I would go ✓.
Kesalahan umum: If I am you, I will accept the offer. → If I were you, I would accept the offer.
Kamu bukan orang itu, jadi ini khayalan. Pola sarannya sudah paten: If I were you, I would + V1.
Saran dengan If I were you, I would… lebih halus daripada You must…. Rekan kerjamu merasa diberi masukan, bukan diperintah.
Ingat!
- Rumus: If + V2, would + V1, untuk khayalan tentang sekarang atau nanti.
- V2 di sini bukan masa lalu. Makin jauh dari kenyataan, makin mundur kata kerjanya.
- To be pakai were untuk semua subject: If I were you, I would…
- Would hanya di bagian hasil, tidak pernah di bagian if.
- Benar-benar mungkin? Pakai first (will). Cuma andai-andai? Pakai second (would).
Contoh soal Second Conditional dan pembahasannya
1. If I ___ a car, I would drive to work.
- had
- have
- will have
- would have
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: had
Ada would di bagian hasil, jadi ini khayalan: faktanya kamu tidak punya mobil. Bagian if memakai V2: had. Would have tidak boleh masuk ke bagian if.
2. If we had a bigger budget, we ___ two more designers.
- will hire
- hired
- are hiring
- would hire
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: would hire
Bagian if sudah memakai V2 (had), tanda khayalan. Pasangannya di bagian hasil adalah would + V1: would hire. Will hire untuk first conditional.
3. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- If I would know the answer, I would tell you.
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I knew the answer, I will tell you.
- If I know the answer, I would tell you.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
Second conditional berpasangan tetap: V2 di bagian if (knew), would + V1 di bagian hasil (would tell). Pilihan lain salah pasangan: would masuk ke bagian if, V2 dipasangkan dengan will, atau V1 dengan would.
4. Kemungkinan besar klien datang besok. Pilih kalimat yang paling tepat.
- If the client came tomorrow, we would show him the prototype.
- If the client will come tomorrow, we will show him the prototype.
- If the client comes tomorrow, we will show him the prototype.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: If the client comes tomorrow, we will show him the prototype.
Klien kemungkinan besar datang, jadi situasinya nyata: first conditional, If + V1, will + V1. Came… would hanya untuk yang kecil kemungkinannya, dan will tidak boleh di bagian if.
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