Irregular Verbs (V1–V2–V3)
A1Kata kerja tidak beraturan
Kamu butuh V2 setiap kali bercerita tentang kejadian lampau, dan V3 untuk present perfect atau kalimat pasif. Jangan hafalkan daftar A–Z: kelompokkan per pola (AAA, ABB, ABA, ABC), lalu mulai dari 20 kata kerja yang paling sering muncul di kantor.
Coba ingat cara HRD menyimpan berkas. Berkasnya tidak ditumpuk urut abjad, tapi dimasukkan ke folder sesuai jenisnya: kontrak, cuti, absen. Irregular verbs juga lebih gampang diingat per "folder" pola: AAA (cut-cut-cut), ABB (buy-bought-bought), ABA (come-came-come), ABC (go-went-gone). Jadi setiap ketemu kata kerja baru, tanya dulu: ini masuk folder yang mana?
Rumus Irregular Verbs (V1–V2–V3)
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Lampau: V2 | S + V2 + O | We met the client last Monday.Kami bertemu klien itu Senin lalu. |
| Negatif: didn't + V1 | S + didn't + V1 + O | We didn't meet the client.Kami tidak bertemu klien itu. |
| Tanya: Did + V1 | Did + S + V1 + O? | Did you meet the client?Kamu jadi bertemu klien itu? |
| Present perfect: V3 | S + have / has + V3 | She has written the proposal.Dia sudah menulis proposalnya. |
| Pasif: V3 | S + to be + V3 | The meeting was held in Surabaya.Rapatnya diadakan di Surabaya. |
Empat pola kata kerja tidak beraturan
Kata kerja beraturan cukup ditambah -ed: work → worked → worked. Kata kerja tidak beraturan punya bentuk sendiri: go → went → gone.
Yang sering dipakai cuma sekitar seratus, dan semuanya masuk ke salah satu dari empat pola di bawah. Menghafal per pola jauh lebih ringan daripada menghafal daftar A–Z.
| Pola | Artinya | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| AAA | V1 = V2 = V3 | cut – cut – cut |
| ABB | V2 = V3 | buy – bought – bought |
| ABA | V1 = V3 | come – came – come |
| ABC | ketiganya berbeda | go – went – gone |
Pola ABB cukup ringan: V2 dan V3-nya sama, jadi kamu hanya perlu hafal satu bentuk baru. ABB dan ABC juga kelompok terbesar, jadi mulailah dari dua pola ini.
Mulai dari yang mudah: AAA dan ABB
Di pola AAA, ketiga bentuknya kembar, tidak ada yang berubah. Di pola ABB, V2 dan V3-nya sama. Supaya lebih cepat hafal, kelompokkan lagi berdasarkan bunyinya:
- The training cost five million rupiah.Pelatihannya menelan biaya lima juta rupiah.
- I bought a new laptop for work.Saya membeli laptop baru untuk kerja.
- We have already sent the samples.Kami sudah mengirim sampelnya.
| Kelompok | Contoh | Ciri |
|---|---|---|
| AAA | cut, put, set, cost, let, hit, read | tidak berubah |
| ABB -ought / -aught | buy → bought, think → thought, bring → brought, teach → taught | berbunyi "ot" |
| ABB d → t | send → sent, spend → spent, build → built, lend → lent | huruf d terakhir menjadi t |
| ABB vokal memendek | meet → met, keep → kept, feel → felt, leave → left | ee/ea menjadi e |
| ABB lainnya | make → made, pay → paid, say → said, tell → told, sell → sold | hafalkan berpasangan |
Hati-hati dengan read. Tulisannya sama di ketiga bentuk, tapi V2 dan V3 dibaca "red": I read your email yesterday (dibaca "red").
Perlu perhatian: ABA dan ABC
Pola ABA anggotanya sedikit: V3-nya kembali sama dengan V1. Pola ABC paling menantang karena ketiga bentuknya beda. Untungnya, banyak di antaranya punya pola bunyi yang mirip, seperti i – a – u atau akhiran -en.
| Kelompok | Contoh | Ciri |
|---|---|---|
| ABA | come – came – come, become – became – become, run – ran – run | V3 = V1 |
| ABC i – a – u | begin – began – begun, drink – drank – drunk, swim – swam – swum | vokal i → a → u |
| ABC -en | take – took – taken, write – wrote – written, speak – spoke – spoken | V3 berakhiran -en |
| ABC -ew / -own | know – knew – known, fly – flew – flown, grow – grew – grown | V2 -ew, V3 -own |
| ABC unik | go – went – gone, do – did – done, be – was/were – been | hafalkan satu per satu |
Untuk go, ada dua pilihan V3. Gone berarti pergi dan belum kembali: She has gone to Bali (dia masih di Bali). Been berarti pernah ke sana dan sudah pulang: She has been to Bali (dia pernah ke Bali).
20 kata kerja terpenting untuk kerja
Waktumu terbatas? Kuasai dulu 20 kata kerja ini. Semuanya muncul hampir setiap hari di email, laporan, dan rapat. Daftar lengkapnya (lebih dari seratus kata kerja) ada di tabel pencarian di bawah halaman ini.
| V1 | V2 | V3 | Arti |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | adalah; berada |
| have | had | had | punya; mengadakan |
| do | did | done | melakukan; mengerjakan |
| get | got | got (AmE: gotten) | mendapat; menjadi |
| make | made | made | membuat |
| go | went | gone | pergi |
| take | took | taken | mengambil; membawa |
| come | came | come | datang |
| give | gave | given | memberi |
| see | saw | seen | melihat |
| know | knew | known | tahu; kenal |
| think | thought | thought | berpikir |
| say | said | said | berkata |
| tell | told | told | memberi tahu |
| send | sent | sent | mengirim |
| write | wrote | written | menulis |
| read | read | read | membaca |
| speak | spoke | spoken | berbicara |
| meet | met | met | bertemu |
| find | found | found | menemukan |
Hafalkan dalam kalimat kerja, bukan kata per kata. Satu kata kerja, tiga kalimat: I sent the file. · I have sent the file. · The file was sent yesterday.
Kapan V2, kapan V3?
- V2 hanya untuk kalimat positif simple past: I wrote the report yesterday.
- V3 tidak pernah berdiri sendiri. Ia selalu butuh have/has/had (perfect) atau to be (pasif): I have written the report. The report was written by Dina.
- Setelah did / didn't, kata kerja kembali ke V1: Did you write it? I didn't write it.
Anggap V3 itu gerbong KRL: tidak bisa jalan sendiri, harus ditarik lokomotif. Lokomotifnya cuma dua jenis, have/has/had (has written) dan to be (was written). V2 lebih mirip motor yang jalan sendiri tanpa penarik: I wrote it. Jadi kalau ada have atau to be di depannya, pakai V3; kalau kalimat positif lampau tanpa kata bantu, pakai V2.
- We took a taxi to the airport.Kami naik taksi ke bandara.
- Have you seen the new schedule?Kamu sudah lihat jadwal barunya?
- The meeting was held online.Rapatnya diadakan secara online.
Kesalahan umum: I have wrote the report. → I have written the report.
Have adalah lokomotif, jadi gerbongnya harus V3: written, bukan wrote. Kesalahan sejenis yang sering muncul: didn't went, padahal yang benar didn't go.
Ingat!
- Hafalkan per "folder" pola: AAA cut · ABB buy–bought–bought · ABA come–came–come · ABC go–went–gone.
- V2 hanya untuk simple past positif. V3 selalu ditarik have/has/had atau to be.
- Setelah did / didn't, kembali ke V1: Did you go? · I didn't go (bukan didn't went).
- Kuasai dulu 20 kata kerja terpenting. Sisanya bisa dicari di tabel lengkap kapan saja.
Contoh soal Irregular Verbs (V1–V2–V3) dan pembahasannya
1. V2 dari buy adalah…
- buyed
- brought
- bought
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: bought
V2 dari buy adalah bought (pola ABB). Hati-hati, brought mirip sekali, tapi itu milik bring.
2. She has ___ the proposal.
- wrote
- written
- writed
- write
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: written
Setelah has selalu V3. Urutan lengkapnya write – wrote – written, dan yang dipakai di sini bentuk ketiga.
3. Kata kerja mana yang berpola AAA (V1 = V2 = V3)?
- come
- buy
- go
- cut
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: cut
Cut tidak berubah sama sekali: cut – cut – cut. Come masuk ABA, buy masuk ABB, dan go masuk ABC.
4. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- I didn't went to the office yesterday.
- I didn't go to the office yesterday.
- I haven't went to the office this week.
- I didn't gone to the office yesterday.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: I didn't go to the office yesterday.
Setelah didn't, kata kerja kembali ke V1: go. Haven't went juga salah, karena setelah have harus V3 (gone atau been).
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