Past Perfect
B1Masa lalu sebelum masa lalu
Dipakai untuk kejadian yang terjadi lebih dulu, sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu. Rumusnya had + V3, sama untuk semua subject.
Pernah buka grup WA kantor siang hari, lalu ternyata teman-teman sudah memutuskan tempat makan siang sejak pagi? Ada dua kejadian lampau di situ: mereka memutuskan (lebih dulu) dan kamu membuka grup (belakangan). Bahasa Inggris memberi had + V3 pada yang lebih dulu: When I opened the group, they had already chosen the place. Jadi saat cerita masa lalu perlu mundur satu langkah lagi, pakai past perfect.
Rumus Past Perfect
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Kalimat positif (+) | S + had + V3 + O | The meeting had started when I arrived.Rapat sudah dimulai waktu saya datang. |
| Kalimat negatif (−) | S + hadn't + V3 + O | I hadn't seen the email before the meeting.Saya belum melihat email itu sebelum rapat. |
| Kalimat tanya (?) | Had + S + V3 + O? | Had you met him before?Apakah kamu pernah bertemu dia sebelumnya? |
| Kata tanya (Wh-) | Kata tanya + had + S + V3? | Where had you worked before you joined us?Sebelum bergabung dengan kami, kamu pernah kerja di mana? |
| Jawaban singkat | Yes, S + had. · No, S + hadn't. | Yes, I had. · No, she hadn't.Ya. · Belum/Tidak. |
Kata kunci yang sering muncul: before, after, by the time, already, just, never … before, when, until
Kapan dipakai?
Ada dua kejadian di masa lalu. Yang lebih dulu terjadi pakai past perfect (had + V3), yang belakangan pakai simple past.
- Kejadian yang lebih dulu: When I got to the station, the train had left. (Keretanya pergi lebih dulu.)
- Dengan by the time: By the time the client called, we had finished the proposal.
- Pengalaman sampai titik lampau: I had never worked with a Japanese team before I joined this company.
- Alasan di masa lalu: She was nervous because she hadn't prepared.
- The meeting had started when I arrived.Rapat sudah dimulai waktu saya datang.
- I couldn't log in because I had forgotten my password.Saya tidak bisa masuk karena lupa password.
Cara membentuk: had + V3
Had sama untuk semua subject, jadi tidak ada has di sini. Negatif: hadn't + V3. Pertanyaan: Had + S + V3?
Singkatan I'd, she'd, they'd bisa berarti had atau would. Lihat kata sesudahnya: I'd left berarti I had left, I'd leave berarti I would leave.
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Positif | S + had + V3 | She had left. |
| Negatif | S + hadn't + V3 | She hadn't left. |
| Tanya | Had + S + V3? | Had she left? |
| Jawaban singkat | Yes, S + had. · No, S + hadn't. | Yes, she had. · No, she hadn't. |
Urutan mengubah makna
Bandingkan tiga kalimat ini. Kata kerjanya hampir sama, tapi urutan kejadiannya beda:
| Kalimat | Artinya |
|---|---|
| When I arrived, the meeting started. | Saya datang, LALU rapat dimulai. |
| When I arrived, the meeting had started. | Rapat sudah mulai SEBELUM saya datang. |
| When I arrived, they were having the meeting. | Rapat sedang berlangsung saat saya datang. |
Kalau sudah ada before atau after, urutannya sudah jelas, jadi simple past juga boleh. I called him after I read the email sama artinya dengan after I had read the email.
Kata penanda & past perfect continuous
Kata yang sering menemani past perfect: by the time, before, after, already, just, never … before, until.
Kalau yang mau kamu sorot lamanya sebuah kegiatan sampai titik tertentu di masa lalu, pakai past perfect continuous: had been + V-ing.
Timer durasi di layar telepon menghitung lamanya kegiatan sampai sekarang. Past perfect continuous memakai timer yang sama, tapi dibaca di satu titik masa lalu. Saat bus akhirnya datang, timer-nya sudah menunjukkan satu jam: We had been waiting for an hour when the bus came. Jadi had been + V-ing untuk lamanya kegiatan sampai titik lampau itu.
- By the time we got to the airport, the gate had already closed.Waktu kami sampai di bandara, gerbangnya sudah ditutup.
- We had been waiting for an hour when the bus finally came.Kami sudah menunggu satu jam ketika busnya akhirnya datang.
- He was tired because he had been working since six.Dia capek karena sudah bekerja sejak jam enam.
Kesalahan khas orang Indonesia
Kata "sudah" sering membuat orang memasang had di mana-mana, atau malah lupa memakainya. Tiga hal ini yang perlu dicek:
- Hanya satu kejadian lampau? Cukup simple past: I had sent the email yesterday ✗ → I sent the email yesterday ✓.
- Had + V2: She had went home ✗ → She had gone home ✓.
- Lupa had untuk kejadian yang lebih dulu. Contohnya ada di bawah.
Kesalahan umum: When I arrived, the meeting already started. → When I arrived, the meeting had already started.
Rapatnya mulai sebelum kamu datang. Kejadian yang lebih dulu itu pakai had + V3: had already started.
Ingat!
- Rumus: had + V3 untuk semua subject.
- Dua kejadian lampau: yang lebih dulu → had + V3, yang belakangan → V2.
- By the time + V2, … had + V3: By the time I arrived, they had left.
- Hanya satu kejadian lampau? Cukup simple past, tanpa had.
- Durasi sampai titik lampau → had been + V-ing.
Contoh soal Past Perfect dan pembahasannya
1. When I got to the station, the train ___.
- has left
- leaves
- had leave
- had left
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: had left
Keretanya pergi lebih dulu, baru kamu sampai. Kejadian yang lebih dulu pakai had + V3: had left.
2. She was nervous because she ___ for the interview.
- hadn't prepared
- hasn't prepared
- doesn't prepare
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: hadn't prepared
Dia gugup di masa lalu, dan penyebabnya terjadi lebih dulu. Jadi hadn't prepared. Hasn't tidak cocok karena ceritanya sudah lampau.
3. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- I realised I had forgot my ID card.
- I realised I had forgotten my ID card.
- I realised I forgotten my ID card.
- I realised I had forget my ID card.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: I realised I had forgotten my ID card.
Lupanya terjadi sebelum kamu sadar, jadi had + V3. V3 dari forget adalah forgotten, bukan forgot.
4. He was exhausted because he ___ since six in the morning.
- had been working
- has been working
- was working
- is working
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: had been working
Dia bekerja sejak jam enam sampai titik lampau saat dia kecapekan. Lamanya kegiatan sampai titik lampau pakai had been working.
Latihan langsung, gratis
Kerjakan 10 soal latihan Past Perfect dengan pembahasan, plus game Benar atau Salah. Tanpa daftar, bisa offline.
Buka latihan di aplikasiMateri terkait
- Simple PastKejadian yang sudah selesai
- Past ContinuousSedang terjadi di masa lalu
- Present PerfectPengalaman, hasil & "sudah"
- Reported SpeechMenyampaikan ucapan orang lain
← Present Perfect Continuous · Future: will, be going to, Present Continuous →