Reported Speech

B1Menyampaikan ucapan orang lain

Dipakai untuk menyampaikan lagi ucapan, pertanyaan, atau permintaan orang lain, misalnya di notulen rapat atau update ke atasan. Kuncinya: tense biasanya mundur satu langkah (backshift), dan kata ganti serta kata waktu ikut menyesuaikan.

ANALOGI GOGO

Budi menelepon kantor: Saya telat, motor saya mogok. Saat menyampaikannya ke atasan, kamu otomatis mengganti "saya" jadi "dia": Budi bilang dia telat, motornya mogok. Bahasa Inggris menggeser satu hal lagi, yaitu tense-nya: Budi said he was late because his motorbike had broken down. Jadi saat melapor dengan said, kata ganti ikut berubah dan tense mundur satu langkah.

Rumus Reported Speech

Bentuk	Rumus	Contoh
Pernyataan (say)	`S + said (that) + S + V (mundur satu tense)`	She said she was busy.Dia bilang dia sedang sibuk.
Pernyataan (tell)	`S + told + orang + (that) + S + V`	He told me that the client had cancelled the order.Dia memberi tahu saya bahwa klien sudah membatalkan pesanannya.
Pertanyaan ya/tidak	`S + asked (+ orang) + if / whether + S + V`	She asked me if I was free on Friday.Dia bertanya apakah saya kosong hari Jumat.
Pertanyaan WH	`S + asked (+ orang) + kata tanya + S + V`	He asked where the meeting room was.Dia bertanya di mana ruang rapatnya.
Permintaan & perintah	`S + asked / told + orang + (not) to + V1`	My manager asked me to send the report.Manajer saya meminta saya mengirim laporannya.

Kata kunci yang sering muncul: said, told, asked, explained, mentioned, the next day, the day before

Say vs tell

Dua kata kerja ini paling sering dipakai untuk melaporkan ucapan. Bedanya ada di orang yang diajak bicara:

say + (that) + kalimat, tanpa orang langsung di belakangnya: She said (that) she was tired.
tell + orang + (that) + kalimat, dan orangnya wajib ada: She told me (that) she was tired.

Mau menyebut orangnya setelah say? Pakai to: She said to me that…. Tapi told me jauh lebih umum.

That boleh dibuang, terutama saat ngobrol.

ANALOGI GOGO

Mirip bedanya status WA dan chat pribadi. Status cukup diisi pesannya, tanpa nama penerima: itulah say (She said she was tired). Chat pribadi wajib punya penerima, kalau tidak, pesannya tidak bisa terkirim: itulah tell (She told me she was tired). Jadi kalau ada orang tepat setelah kata kerjanya, pakai tell.

Aspek	say	tell
Pola	say (that) + kalimat	tell + orang + (that) + kalimat
Benar	He said he was late.	He told me he was late.
Salah	He said me he was late.	He told he was late.
Ungkapan tetap	say hello, say sorry, say goodbye	tell the truth, tell a story, tell a joke

Kesalahan umum: She said me that the meeting was cancelled. → She told me that the meeting was cancelled.

Ada me tepat setelah kata kerjanya, jadi pakai told. Said tidak bisa langsung diikuti orang.

Backshift: tense mundur satu langkah

Kalau kata kerja pelapornya past (said, told, asked), tense di kalimat yang dilaporkan biasanya mundur satu langkah. Kata gantinya juga menyesuaikan: "I…" jadi she…, "my…" jadi her….

Backshift tidak wajib kalau infonya masih benar sampai sekarang: She said she works in Bandung juga benar, karena dia memang masih bekerja di sana. Saat ngobrol, past simple juga sering dibiarkan: She said she finished the report.

Kalimat langsung	Reported speech
"I work in Bandung."	She said she worked in Bandung.
"I am working from home."	She said she was working from home.
"I finished the report."	She said she had finished the report.
"I have sent the file."	She said she had sent the file.
"I will call the client."	She said she would call the client.
"I can come."	She said she could come.
"I must leave early."	She said she had to leave early.

Tips:

Pelapornya present (He says…)? Tense-nya tidak mundur: He says he is on his way. Pola ini cocok untuk meneruskan chat yang baru saja masuk.

Melaporkan pertanyaan & permintaan

Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan bukan pertanyaan lagi. Urutannya kembali seperti kalimat biasa (S + V), tanpa do/does/did dan tanpa tanda tanya.

Pertanyaan ya/tidak pakai asked if / whether: "Are you free?" jadi She asked if I was free.
Pertanyaan WH pakai asked + kata tanya: "Where is the room?" jadi He asked where the room was.
Permintaan atau perintah pakai asked/told + orang + to + V1: "Please send the file." jadi She asked me to send the file.
Larangan pakai told + orang + not to + V1: "Don't be late." jadi He told us not to be late.

The client asked when we could deliver.Klien bertanya kapan kami bisa mengirim.
My manager asked if I had finished the slides.Manajer saya bertanya apakah saya sudah menyelesaikan slide-nya.
HR told us not to park in the lobby.HR meminta kami untuk tidak parkir di lobi.

Kesalahan umum: He asked me where did I live. → He asked me where I lived.

Pertanyaannya sudah jadi bagian dari kalimat biasa, jadi did dibuang dan urutannya S + V: where I lived.

Kata waktu & tempat + kesalahan khas

Kalau laporanmu disampaikan di hari atau tempat yang berbeda, keterangan waktu dan tempatnya ikut bergeser. Andi bilang "besok" pada hari Senin. Kalau kamu melaporkannya hari Rabu, "besok" itu sudah lewat, jadi pakai the next day. Kalau masih di hari yang sama, today dan tomorrow boleh tetap.

On Monday, Andi said he would finish the slides the next day.Hari Senin, Andi bilang dia akan menyelesaikan slide-nya keesokan harinya.

Kalimat langsung	Reported speech
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
next week	the following week
last month	the month before / the previous month
here	there

Kesalahan umum: He told me don't be late. → He told me not to be late.

Larangan dilaporkan dengan told + orang + not to + V1. Don't dari kalimat aslinya tidak ikut dipindahkan.

Tips:

Di notulen rapat, coba ganti said dengan kata yang lebih spesifik: explained, mentioned, promised, suggested, confirmed. Pembaca langsung tahu jenis ucapannya.

Ingat!

say (that) + kalimat, tell + orang + (that) + kalimat, seperti status WA vs chat pribadi.
Pelapor past (said, told, asked): tense biasanya mundur satu langkah. Is jadi was, will jadi would, can jadi could.
Pertanyaan: asked if/whether atau asked + kata tanya, lalu S + V, tanpa do/did dan tanpa tanda tanya.
Permintaan dan larangan: asked/told + orang + (not) to + V1.
Kata waktu ikut bergeser: tomorrow jadi the next day, yesterday jadi the day before.

Contoh soal Reported Speech dan pembahasannya

1. Rina ___ me that she was sick.

said
told
asked
spoke

Lihat jawaban

Jawaban: told

Ada me tepat setelah titik kosong, jadi pakai told. Said tidak bisa langsung diikuti orang, dan asked untuk melaporkan pertanyaan.

2. She asked me ___ I could join the call.

that
what
if
do

Lihat jawaban

Jawaban: if

Pertanyaan aslinya ya/tidak: Can you join the call? Pertanyaan seperti ini dilaporkan dengan asked if (atau whether), lalu S + V.

3. Pilih reported speech yang benar untuk: "Where do you live?"

He asked me where do I live.
He told me where I lived.
He asked me where did I live.
He asked me where I lived.

Lihat jawaban

Jawaban: He asked me where I lived.

Do dibuang, urutannya jadi S + V, dan live mundur jadi lived: where I lived. Told tidak cocok, karena yang dilaporkan pertanyaan.

4. Satpam berkata: "Don't park in the lobby." Pilih laporan yang benar.

The guard told us not to park in the lobby.
The guard told us not park in the lobby.
The guard told us don't park in the lobby.
The guard said us not to park in the lobby.

Lihat jawaban

Jawaban: The guard told us not to park in the lobby.

Larangan dilaporkan dengan told + orang + not to + V1. Don't tidak ikut dipindahkan, dan said us salah karena say tidak bisa langsung diikuti orang.

Latihan langsung, gratis

Kerjakan 10 soal latihan Reported Speech dengan pembahasan, plus game Benar atau Salah. Tanpa daftar, bisa offline.

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