Linkers: However, Despite, Whereas, Therefore
B2Menyambung ide di email & laporan
Dipakai untuk menyambung ide di email resmi, laporan, dan presentasi: kontras, sebab-akibat, atau tambahan. Arti banyak linker mirip, jadi pilih berdasarkan apa yang datang sesudahnya: kalimat lengkap, kata benda atau V-ing, atau kalimat baru.
Pernah salah bawa kabel charger? Kabel USB-C dan micro-USB sama-sama mengisi daya, tapi hanya satu yang masuk ke HP-mu. Linker juga begitu: although, despite, dan however sama-sama menandai kontras, tapi colokannya beda. Although masuk ke kalimat lengkap (S + V), despite ke kata benda atau V-ing, dan however membuka kalimat baru.
Rumus Linkers: However, Despite, Whereas, Therefore
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Kontras + kalimat lengkap | Although / Even though + S + V, S + V | Although the budget was tight, we finished on time.Meskipun anggarannya ketat, kami selesai tepat waktu. |
| Kontras + kata benda / V-ing | Despite / In spite of + N / V-ing, S + V | Despite the delay, the client was satisfied.Meskipun ada keterlambatan, kliennya puas. |
| Membandingkan dua fakta | S + V, whereas / while + S + V | The Jakarta team uses Zoom, whereas the Surabaya team uses Teams.Tim Jakarta memakai Zoom, sedangkan tim Surabaya memakai Teams. |
| Sebab + kata benda | S + V + because of / due to + N | The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.Penerbangannya dibatalkan karena cuaca buruk. |
| Membuka kalimat baru | S + V. However, / Nevertheless, / Therefore, / As a result, / Moreover, + S + V | Costs went up. As a result, we raised our prices.Biaya naik. Akibatnya, kami menaikkan harga. |
Kapan dipakai?
Di chat santai, but, so, dan also sudah cukup. Di email resmi dan laporan, kamu butuh linker (kata penghubung) yang lebih tepat. Kelompokkan menurut fungsinya:
- Kontras (namun, meskipun, sedangkan): however, nevertheless, although, even though, despite, in spite of, whereas, while
- Sebab (karena): because of, due to
- Akibat (akibatnya, oleh karena itu): therefore, as a result, consequently
- Tambahan (selain itu): moreover, furthermore, in addition
- Sales fell in March. However, they recovered in April.Penjualan turun di bulan Maret. Namun, penjualan pulih di bulan April.
- The warehouse flooded. As a result, several orders were delayed.Gudangnya kebanjiran. Akibatnya, beberapa pesanan tertunda.
- The new system is faster. Moreover, it is cheaper to run.Sistem barunya lebih cepat. Selain itu, biaya operasionalnya lebih murah.
Lihat apa yang datang sesudahnya
Although dan despite sama-sama berarti "meskipun". Yang membedakan adalah bentuk kata sesudahnya. Sebelum memilih, cek dulu: yang datang kalimat lengkap (S + V), kata benda (noun) atau V-ing, atau kalimat baru?
| Linker | Diikuti | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| although / even though | S + V | Although sales fell, profit rose. |
| despite / in spite of | N / V-ing | Despite lower sales, profit rose. |
| because | S + V | We stopped because the server crashed. |
| because of / due to | N | We stopped because of a server problem. |
| however / therefore / moreover | kalimat baru + koma | Sales fell. However, profit rose. |
Kesalahan umum: Despite the price was high, we bought it. → Despite the high price, we bought it.
Despite butuh kata benda atau V-ing. Untuk kalimat lengkap, pakai although: Although the price was high…
Tetap mau memakai despite dengan kalimat lengkap? Tambahkan the fact that: Despite the fact that sales fell, profit rose.
Kontras: however, nevertheless, even though, whereas
Linker kontras ini artinya mirip, tapi pemakaiannya beda:
- however = namun. Kontras umum, membuka kalimat baru.
- nevertheless = meski begitu. Ada hambatan, tapi hasilnya tetap terjadi: The budget was cut. Nevertheless, we hit our target.
- even though = walaupun, padahal. Lebih tegas daripada although.
- whereas / while = sedangkan. Membandingkan dua fakta dalam satu kalimat. Hati-hati, while juga bisa berarti "selagi".
However juga boleh di tengah kalimat, diapit dua koma: The price, however, is too high.
Kesalahan umum: The design is good, however the price is too high. → The design is good. However, the price is too high.
However tidak bisa menyambung dua kalimat hanya dengan koma. Pakai titik (atau titik koma), lalu koma setelah However.
Sebab, akibat & tambahan
Perhatikan arahnya. Because of dan due to menunjuk ke sebab. Therefore, as a result, dan consequently menunjuk ke akibat.
- The event was moved due to the rain. (sebab)
- It rained all morning. As a result, the event was moved. (akibat)
Moreover, furthermore, dan in addition menambah poin yang searah. Bedakan In addition, + kalimat baru dengan in addition to + kata benda atau V-ing.
- Due to the long weekend, deliveries will resume on Tuesday.Karena libur panjang, pengiriman baru dilanjutkan hari Selasa.
- In addition to the discount, we offer free delivery.Selain diskon, kami juga memberi gratis ongkir.
- The supplier raised its prices. Therefore, we are looking for a new one.Pemasok menaikkan harga. Oleh karena itu, kami sedang mencari pemasok baru.
Therefore juga boleh di tengah, sebelum kata kerja utama: We have therefore decided to postpone the launch.
Kesalahan khas orang Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia sering memakai pasangan "Meskipun…, tetapi…" atau "Karena…, maka…". Bahasa Inggris cukup satu linker:
- Although it was late, but we continued ✗ → Although it was late, we continued ✓
- Because the stock ran out, so we closed early ✗ → Because the stock ran out, we closed early ✓
Satu lagi yang sering lolos: Despite of the rain ✗ → Despite the rain atau In spite of the rain ✓.
Kesalahan umum: Due to the traffic was bad, I missed the first session. → Due to the bad traffic, I missed the first session.
Due to sama seperti despite: harus diikuti kata benda. Untuk kalimat lengkap, pakai because: because the traffic was bad.
Ingat!
- although / even though / whereas / while / because + kalimat lengkap (S + V).
- despite / in spite of / because of / due to + kata benda atau V-ing. Despite tanpa of.
- However, Nevertheless, Therefore, As a result, Moreover membuka kalimat baru dan diikuti koma.
- Cukup satu linker: Although…, but… dan Because…, so… sama-sama salah.
- In addition, + kalimat baru · in addition to + kata benda atau V-ing.
Contoh soal Linkers: However, Despite, Whereas, Therefore dan pembahasannya
1. ___ the long delay, the client was happy with the result.
- Although
- However
- Whereas
- Despite
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: Despite
Setelah kosong ada the long delay, sebuah kata benda. Yang cocok dengan kata benda adalah Despite. Although butuh S + V.
2. The Jakarta office works from home on Fridays, ___ the Bandung office works on-site every day.
- therefore
- whereas
- moreover
- despite
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: whereas
Dua fakta yang berbeda dibandingkan dalam satu kalimat, jadi pakai whereas (sedangkan).
3. Pilih kalimat yang benar.
- Although the client was unhappy, they renewed the contract.
- Although the client was unhappy, but they renewed the contract.
- Despite the client was unhappy, they renewed the contract.
- The client was unhappy, however they renewed the contract.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: Although the client was unhappy, they renewed the contract.
Although + S + V, tanpa but. Despite butuh kata benda, dan however tidak bisa menyambung dua kalimat hanya dengan koma.
4. ___ offering a discount, the store gave every customer a free tote bag.
- Moreover
- Furthermore
- In addition to
- As well
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: In addition to
Offering adalah V-ing, jadi butuh linker yang berupa preposisi: In addition to. Moreover dan furthermore hanya bisa membuka kalimat baru.
Latihan langsung, gratis
Kerjakan 10 soal latihan Linkers: However, Despite, Whereas, Therefore dengan pembahasan, plus game Benar atau Salah. Tanpa daftar, bisa offline.
Buka latihan di aplikasi