Formal Structures: Subjunctive & Formal Conditionals
C1Struktur formal untuk email & dokumen resmi
Dipakai di email resmi, kebijakan perusahaan, dan surat untuk klien. Alatnya tiga: subjunctive (We recommend that he submit…), conditional tanpa if (Should you need…), dan bingkai permintaan formal (I would appreciate it if…).
Kayak baju kerja: untuk ketemu klien atau direksi kamu pakai kemeja batik, untuk ngopi di warung cukup kaos. Struktur di topik ini adalah "kemeja batik"-nya bahasa Inggris: Should you need help…, We request that he submit…, I would appreciate it if…. Pakai di email resmi dan dokumen. Di grup WA tim, versi biasa sudah cukup: If you need help, just ask.
Rumus Formal Structures: Subjunctive & Formal Conditionals
| Bentuk | Rumus | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Subjunctive | S + recommend / insist / request + that + S + V1 | We recommend that she join the training.Kami menyarankan agar dia ikut pelatihan itu. |
| It is + adj + that | It is essential / important + that + S + (not) + V1 | It is essential that the report be ready by Monday.Laporannya wajib sudah siap paling lambat hari Senin. |
| Should di depan | Should + S + V1, … | Should you need any help, please call me.Jika Anda butuh bantuan, silakan telepon saya. |
| Were di depan | Were + S + to + V1, S + would + V1 | Were we to lower the price, we would lose money.Seandainya kami menurunkan harga, kami akan rugi. |
| Had di depan | Had + S + V3, S + would have + V3 | Had we known earlier, we would have changed the plan.Seandainya kami tahu lebih awal, kami pasti sudah mengubah rencananya. |
| Permintaan formal | I would appreciate it / be grateful + if you could + V1 | I would appreciate it if you could reply by Friday.Saya akan sangat berterima kasih jika Anda bisa membalas paling lambat hari Jumat. |
Kapan dipakai?
Struktur ini muncul di email ke klien, surat resmi, kebijakan perusahaan, dan notulen rapat direksi. Isinya sama dengan versi sehari-hari, hanya "bajunya" lebih resmi.
Alatnya ada tiga:
- Subjunctive untuk aturan, saran, dan permintaan resmi.
- Conditional tanpa if untuk kemungkinan, terutama di penutup email.
- Bingkai permintaan formal supaya permintaanmu tidak terkesan memerintah.
| Chat / email santai | Dokumen / email resmi |
|---|---|
| He has to send it by Friday. | We require that he submit it by Friday. |
| If you need anything, just ask. | Should you need anything, please let me know. |
| Can you reply by Friday? | I would appreciate it if you could reply by Friday. |
Subjunctive: bentuk dasar setelah "recommend that"
Email HRD sering berisi kalimat seperti We recommend that every employee attend the training. Kenapa attend, bukan attends?
Ini subjunctive. Setelah kata yang berisi saran, permintaan, atau keharusan + that, kata kerjanya memakai bentuk dasar (V1) untuk semua subject. Tidak ada -s, tidak ada bentuk lampau.
- Kata kerja: recommend, suggest, insist, request, require, ask + that
- Kata sifat: It is essential / important / necessary + that
Negatifnya cukup not + V1, tanpa do: We ask that guests not park here.
Absen fingerprint di kantor tidak membeda-bedakan: direktur dan anak magang menempelkan jari dengan cara yang sama. Setelah recommend that, insist that, atau essential that, kata kerjanya juga diperlakukan sama untuk semua subject: selalu bentuk dasar. Jadi that he submit, that she be, tanpa -s dan tanpa bentuk lampau.
| Kalimat biasa | Subjunctive (formal) |
|---|---|
| He submits the form on time. | We insist that he submit the form on time. |
| She is at the meeting. | It is essential that she be at the meeting. |
| Payment is made by Friday. | We require that payment be made by Friday. |
Kesalahan umum: It is essential that every employee attended the training. → It is essential that every employee attend the training.
Setelah It is essential that, kata kerjanya selalu bentuk dasar: attend. Bentuk lampau tidak dipakai di sini.
British English juga sering memakai should + V1: We recommend that every employee should attend… Dua-duanya benar. Di percakapan British kadang muncul bentuk biasa (attends), tapi untuk dokumen resmi, pakai V1 atau should.
Conditional formal: tanpa if
Di email resmi, if boleh dihilangkan. Gantinya, kata bantu pindah ke depan subject, mirip urutan kalimat tanya.
- Should + S + V1 = If + S + V. Paling sering muncul di penutup email: Should you have any questions, please contact me.
- Were + S + to V1 = If + S + V2, untuk pengandaian: Were we to accept this offer, our margin would fall.
- Had + S + V3 = If + S + had V3, untuk masa lalu: Had we known about the delay, we would have informed you.
Negatifnya, not ditaruh setelah subject: Had we not checked the figures, … Bentuk singkat Hadn't we… tidak dipakai di sini.
Pos satpam di lobi cukup dijaga satu orang per shift. Kalimat conditional juga punya satu "pos" di depan, biasanya dijaga if. Di email resmi, if boleh libur, lalu kata bantunya maju menggantikan: Should you need help…, Had we known…. Jadi pilih salah satu: If should you need itu dua satpam di satu pos.
- Should you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.Jika Anda memerlukan informasi lebih lanjut, jangan ragu menghubungi saya.
- Had the shipment arrived on time, we would have met the deadline.Seandainya kirimannya tiba tepat waktu, kami pasti sudah memenuhi tenggat.
Bingkai permintaan formal
Untuk meminta sesuatu ke klien atau atasan, bahasa Inggris memakai would dan could sebagai bantalan. Makin panjang bingkainya, makin formal.
- I would appreciate it if you could + V1: I would appreciate it if you could reply by Friday.
- I would be grateful if you could + V1: I would be grateful if you could check the attached file.
- We would appreciate + kata benda: We would appreciate your feedback.
- Would it be possible to + V1?: Would it be possible to move the meeting to Monday?
Satu bingkai formal per email sudah cukup. Kalau setiap kalimat diawali I would appreciate it if…, emailnya jadi berat dan bertele-tele.
Kesalahan khas orang Indonesia
Empat kesalahan yang paling sering muncul di email kantor:
- I would appreciate if you could… ✗ → I would appreciate it if you could… ✓ (appreciate butuh objek)
- If should you need… ✗ → Should you need… ✓ (pilih salah satu)
- Had we knew… ✗ → Had we known… ✓ (had + V3)
- He suggested me to submit… ✗ → He suggested that I submit… ✓
Kesalahan umum: I would appreciate if you could confirm the order today. → I would appreciate it if you could confirm the order today.
Appreciate butuh objek. Kata it di sini menunjuk ke permintaan setelah if.
Ingat!
- Setelah recommend / suggest / insist / request that dan It is essential / important that, pakai V1 untuk semua subject: that he submit, that she be.
- Negatif subjunctive: not + V1 (that guests not park here). British English juga boleh should + V1.
- Conditional formal: Should you… (= if you), Were we to… (= if we were to), Had we known… (= if we had known). Jangan tambah if lagi.
- Permintaan formal: I would appreciate it if you could… (jangan lupa it) atau I would be grateful if you could…
- Pakai di email resmi dan dokumen. Di chat tim, versi biasa sudah cukup.
Contoh soal Formal Structures: Subjunctive & Formal Conditionals dan pembahasannya
1. Should you ___ any questions, please contact our support team.
- have
- has
- had
- having
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: have
Kata kerja setelah Should you selalu V1: Should you have… artinya sama dengan If you have…
2. ___ we known about the public holiday, we would have changed the delivery date.
- If
- Had
- Should
- Were
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: Had
Ada known (V3) dan would have changed, jadi ini pengandaian masa lalu. Tanpa if, Had maju ke depan: Had we known…
3. The client has requested that the meeting ___ moved to Thursday.
- will be
- was
- be
- being
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: be
Kata requested that minta bentuk dasar. Rapatnya "dipindahkan", jadi bentuk pasifnya be + V3: be moved.
4. Pilih kalimat yang benar untuk email resmi.
- If should you require further information, please contact me.
- Hadn't we received your payment, we would have cancelled the order.
- We suggest you to check the attached file.
- Had we not received your payment, we would have cancelled the order.
Lihat jawaban
Jawaban: Had we not received your payment, we would have cancelled the order.
Inversion negatif ditulis Had we not + V3, tidak disingkat jadi Hadn't we. Pilihan pertama salah karena if dan should dipakai bersamaan.
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